Usoro Nnụcha mmanụ oriri: Mmiri Degumming

Usoro degumming n'ime ụlọ na-emecha mmanụ bụ iwepụ chịngọm chịngọm na mmanụ crude site n'ụzọ anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ, ọ bụkwa ọkwa mbụ na usoro nnụcha mmanụ / ịdị ọcha. Mgbe ịpịchara na ihe mgbaze sitere na mmanụ mmanụ, mmanụ ahụ na-enwekarị triglycerides na ole na ole na-abụghị triglyceride. Ngwakọta na-abụghị triglyceride gụnyere phospholipids, protein, phlegmatic na shuga ga-emeghachi omume na triglycerides iji mepụta colloid, nke a maara dị ka adịghị ọcha chịngọm.

Ihe na-adịghị mma chịngọm ọ bụghị nanị na-emetụta nkwụsi ike nke mmanụ kamakwa ọ na-emetụta usoro nhazi nke nhazi mmanụ na nhazi miri emi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmanụ na-abụghị degummed dị mfe ịmepụta mmanụ emulsified na usoro nhazi nke alkaline, si otú ahụ na-abawanye ihe isi ike nke ịrụ ọrụ, nkwụsị mmanụ mmanụ, na ihe oriri na-enye aka; na usoro nchacha, mmanụ na-abụghị degummed ga-eme ka oriri nke adsorbent dịkwuo elu ma belata ịdị irè nke discoloring. Ya mere, iwepụ chịngọm dị mkpa dị ka nzọụkwụ mbụ n'ime usoro nchacha mmanụ tupu emebie mmanụ, decolorization mmanụ, na deodorization mmanụ.

The kpọmkwem ụzọ nke degumming gụnyere hydrated degumming (mmiri degumming), acid refining degumming, alkali refining usoro, adsorption usoro, electropolymerization na thermal polymerization usoro. N'ime usoro nhazi mmanụ a na-eri nri, usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ hydrated degumming, nke nwere ike wepụ hydratable phospholipids na ụfọdụ phospholipids na-abụghị hydrate, ebe ndị fọdụrụ na-abụghị hydrate phospholipids kwesịrị iwepụ site na acid refining degumming.

1. Ụkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ nke hydrated degumming (mmiri degumming)
Mmanụ crude sitere na usoro mmịpụta ihe mgbaze nwere mmiri soluble mmiri, nke kachasị nke nwere phospholipids, nke a ga-ewepụ na mmanụ ahụ iji mee ka mmiri ozuzo kacha nta na idozi n'oge njem mmanụ na nchekwa ogologo oge. Achịcha chịngọm dị ka phospholipids nwere njirimara nke hydrophilic. Nke mbụ, ị nwere ike ịkpali ma tinye ntakịrị mmiri ọkụ ma ọ bụ ngwọta mmiri electrolyte dị ka nnu & phosphoric acid na mmanụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ. Mgbe oge mmeghachi omume ụfọdụ gasịrị, a ga-ekpochapụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha chịngọm, belata ma wepụ ya na mmanụ. N'ime usoro nsị nke hydrated, ihe adịghị ọcha bụ nke kachasị phospholipid, yana protein ole na ole, glyceryl diglyceride, na mucilage. Ihe ọzọ bụ na enwere ike ịhazi chịngọm ndị a amịpụtara ka ọ bụrụ lecithin maka nri, nri anụmanụ ma ọ bụ maka ojiji teknụzụ.

2. Usoro nke hydrated degumming (mmiri degumming)
Usoro nkwụsị mmiri na-agụnye ịgbakwunye mmiri na mmanụ crude, na-eme ka mmiri na-edozi mmiri, wee wepụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha site na nkewa centrifugal. The ìhè na-adọ mgbe centrifugal nkewa bụ crude degummed mmanụ, na arọ agba mgbe centrifugal nkewa bụ a Nchikota mmiri, mmiri soluble components na entrained mmanụ, mkpokọta zoro aka dị ka "gums". A na-akpọnwụ mmanụ crude ma mee ka ọ dị jụụ tupu ezipụ ya na nchekwa. A na-atụgharị chịngọm azụ na nri.

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi mmanụ, igwe na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike iji igwe deacidification mmanụ, igwe decolorization, na igwe deodorizing, na igwe ndị a bụ ihe mejupụtara ahịrị mmepụta mmanụ na-eme ka mmanụ dị ọcha. A na-ekewa ahịrị na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha n'ụdị na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị, ụdị nke na-aga n'ihu na nke na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ zuru oke. Ndị ahịa nwere ike ịhọrọ ụdị dị ka ikike mmepụta ha chọrọ: ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke nwere ikike mmepụta nke 1-10t kwa ụbọchị kwesịrị ekwesị maka iji ngwa ụdị oge, 20-50t kwa ụbọchị ụlọ ọrụ dị mma maka iji ụdị ngwá ọrụ na-aga n'ihu, na-emepụta. ihe karịrị 50t kwa ụbọchị kwesịrị ekwesị maka iji ụdị akụrụngwa na-aga n'ihu zuru oke. Ụdị nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ahịrị mmepụta degumming hydrated na-anọpụ iche.